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1360¦~Henry de Vick¥Îª÷Äݧ÷®Æ»s³y¤F¾ú¥v¤W²Ä¤@ӫǤº®ÉÄÁ¡A®Ú¾Ú³oÓÄÁªº³]p¡A«á´Áªº²£«~¦³¨Ç·|¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´À¤Fª÷Äݾ¦½ü¡C
Verge and foliot escapement
An early clock
The de Vick Clock(Verge and foliot clocks)
Replica of an early 17th-century clock with a foliot-and-verge escapement mechanism. An early wood gear clock
³o¨Çµo®i¡A¨ä¹ê¥Ñ©ó·í®É§Mª÷§Þ³N¸¨«á¡A³Ì®e©öªº¥N´À§÷®Æ´N¬O¤ì§÷¡C¦b17¥@¬öªº¼w°ê¤s°Ï¡A¤u¦KÌ´¶¹M·|¥Î¤ì§÷§@¬°¾÷ªä¾¦½ü¡C¤ì¾¦½ü¾÷ªäªº唂©BÄÁ¤j¬ù¦b1750¦~µo®i¶}¨Ó¡C
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1090¦~¡A¤¤°ê§º¥NĬ¹|«Ø¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¡A¥H¤ô¿E½ü¡B½üÂà»s¦¨¤¤°ê°ß¤@¦³»¡©úªº¦Û°Ê¤ô¹B¤Ñ¤å»ö¶H¤Î¦Û°Ê³ø®É¤Ñ¤å¥x¡A¥iÀH¦a²y¦ÛÂ઺°lÂÜÆ[¬P¸Ë¸m¡A¤ñ¦è¤èÄÁ¿ö¦¤F600¦~¡FĬ¹|µ¥¤H«Ø³yªº¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O»O°ª¤T¤V¤¤Ø¤»¤o¦h¡A¬Û·í©ó¤T¡B¥|¼h¼Ó¨º»ò°ª¡A¤À¬°¤T¼h¡G³Ì¤W¤@¼h¦³¤@Ó¤p¤ì«Î¡A«Î¤¤¦w¸Ë¦³´ý»ö©M¦cªí¡C·í¥Î´ý»öÆ[´ú®É¡A¤p«Î«Î³»´N¥i¥H¦Û°Ê¥´¶}¡AÅS¥X´ý»ö¡C³oºØ¸Ë¸m¥i¥H»¡¬O²{¥N¤Ñ¤å»O¬¡°Ê«Î³»ªº»ó¯ª¡C²Ä¤G¼h¬O´ý¶H¡A´ý¶Hªº¶ê²y¤Wű¦³283Ó¬P©x¡A¦@p1464ÁûùÚ¬P¡A¥Î28±ø¸g½u±N28±J¹j¶}¡C´ý¶H¶ê²y¸Ë¦b¦aÂd¤¤¡A¤@¥bÅS¦bÂd¥~¡A¥NªíµÛ¦a¥½u¤Wªº¥bӤѪšC³Ì¤U¼h´N¬O½ÆÂøªº³ø®É¨t²Î¡A¥¦¦³¤¼h¤p¤ì»Õ¡A¨CÓ¤p¤ì»Õ¤¤³£¦³¤£¦P¼Æ¥Øªº¤p¤ì¤H¡C²Ä¤@¡B¤G¡B¤T¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤Ht³d³ø§i¤@¤Ñ¤ºªº®É¨°©M®É¨è¡A¥|¡B¤¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤Ht³d³ø§i©]¸Ìªº®É¨°©M§óÂI¡C
¾ãÓ¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O¥Hº|³ý¤¤ªº¤ô¬°ÅX°Ê¤O¡A³q¹L¤@®M¶Ç°Ê¸Ë¸m©M¤@Ó¾÷½üÁpµ²¦b¤@°_¡A»P¤Ñ²y¦P¨B¹BÂà¡A¹G¯u¦Û°Ê¦aºt¥Ü¤F¤Ñ¶HªºÅܤơC
¥xÆW°ê¥ß¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç³Õª«À]©Ò®i¥Ü¤§¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¬O¨Ì¾ÚĬ¹|©Ò¼¶¡u·s»ö¶Hªkn¡vªº¤åÄm¤º®e¬ã¨s´_ì¦Ó¦¨¡A¬°¥@¬É²Ä¤@®y¥\¯à§¹³Æ¤§ì¤Ø¤o¤ì¼Ë¼Ò«¬¡Cì¥ó¨Ì¥_§º®É´ÁĬ¹|©MÁú¤½·Gµ¥¤H©Ò³]p»s§@ªº¡C
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http://web2.nmns.edu.tw/Web-Title/china/StructGame.htm
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1715¦~«e¡A»·¦b^°êªº¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹John Harrison ¡A¦bÄÁÂ\¬ã¨s¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤]´¿³y¤F¨âÓ¤ì»s¾÷ªä¾¦½ü®y¦a®ÉÄÁ¡C¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹¬O¦Û¾Ç¤Ñ¤~¡A¥L¬ã¨sÄÁ¿ö§Þ³N®É¡A¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´Àª÷ÄÝ»s³y¤F·Ç½Tªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦b1722¦~¡A¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹»P¥Lªº¥S§Ì¸â©i´µ¦bBrocklesby¤½¶é׫ؤF¤@Ӥ쾦½ü¾÷ªäªº¶ðÄÁ¡A³oÓ®ÉÄÁ¤µ¤Ñ¤´µM¹B¦æ¡C
¸g½n«×ªº¬G¨Æ~~~¯è®ü¤Ñ¤åÄÁªºµo©ú
½Ð«ö¹Ï¤ù¬Ý¸Ôz
¦b1728¦~¡A¥L׳y¤F¼ÆӤ쾦½üªººë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock¡A¥L±Ä¥Î·U³Ð¾ðªº¯Sµw¤ì§÷§@¾àÁa½üªº§÷®Æ¡A¥ÎÅK±ù¤ì³y¦¨¤p¾¦½ü¡C
The John Harrison clock at Nostell Priory
¦b¥L¬ã¨sµo©ú·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥L§Q¥Î¤ì»sªººë½T®ÉÄÁ¡A¨Ó¦Lµý·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªºÂ\«ß¡C
experiments to design gridiron pendulum
¦b³o¨Ç´ú¸Õ¦¨¥\¤§«á¡A¥L¤~¯àÄ~Äò׳y¥Lªº¥|Ó¯è®üÄÁmarine clock¡CH1¥]§t¤F¤ì¾¦½ü¡A¦}¥B¦¨¥\»·¯è¨Ó¦^^ۨ쨽´µ¥»¡C
Marine timekeeper (H1), front
Marine timekeeper (H1), side
winding wheels
Marine timekeeper (H1), side and back
front view
side view
H2©MH3¬O§ï¥Î¶À»É§@³yÄÁ§÷®Æ¡A¦ý¥¼´¿³y¹L»·¯è´ú¸Õ¡C
Marine timekeeper (H2), front
Marine timekeeper (H2), side
Marine timekeeper (H2), front and side
Marine timekeeper (H3), front
Marine timekeeper (H3), back and side
Marine timekeeper (H3) with case
¥Lªº¤ì¾¦½üºë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock·Ç½T«×¹F¦Ü¨CÓ¤ë1¬í»~®t¡AµM«á½Õ¾ã¥Lªº¯è®üÄÁ¨Ó¹ï·Ç¡A¤~¹ê¦b°µ®ü¬v¸ÕÅç¡CH4¬O·¥ºÝ«n©M¥i¶Qªºµo©ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦ªº¦¨´N¡A±À°Ê¤Fªk°ê©M^°ê¯è®üÄÁªºµo®i¡C
Marine timekeeper (H4), obverse
Marine timekeeper (H4), open upper plate
1785¦~¡AJohn Arnold©MThomas Earnshaw¶}µo¤F²{¥N¯è®üÄÁªº¥¿Å¥~´ß³]p¡C
This is a typical example of Earnshaw's marine chronometers
Earnshaw's Chronometer Escapement
Chronometer Escapement
Train of Marine Chronometer
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1360¦~Henry de Vick¥Îª÷Äݧ÷®Æ»s³y¤F¾ú¥v¤W²Ä¤@ӫǤº®ÉÄÁ¡A®Ú¾Ú³oÓÄÁªº³]p¡A«á´Áªº²£«~¦³¨Ç·|¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´À¤Fª÷Äݾ¦½ü¡C
Verge and foliot escapement
An early clock
The de Vick Clock(Verge and foliot clocks)
Replica of an early 17th-century clock with a foliot-and-verge escapement mechanism. An early wood gear clock
³o¨Çµo®i¡A¨ä¹ê¥Ñ©ó·í®É§Mª÷§Þ³N¸¨«á¡A³Ì®e©öªº¥N´À§÷®Æ´N¬O¤ì§÷¡C¦b17¥@¬öªº¼w°ê¤s°Ï¡A¤u¦KÌ´¶¹M·|¥Î¤ì§÷§@¬°¾÷ªä¾¦½ü¡C¤ì¾¦½ü¾÷ªäªº唂©BÄÁ¤j¬ù¦b1750¦~µo®i¶}¨Ó¡C
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1090¦~¡A¤¤°ê§º¥NĬ¹|«Ø¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¡A¥H¤ô¿E½ü¡B½üÂà»s¦¨¤¤°ê°ß¤@¦³»¡©úªº¦Û°Ê¤ô¹B¤Ñ¤å»ö¶H¤Î¦Û°Ê³ø®É¤Ñ¤å¥x¡A¥iÀH¦a²y¦ÛÂ઺°lÂÜÆ[¬P¸Ë¸m¡A¤ñ¦è¤èÄÁ¿ö¦¤F600¦~¡FĬ¹|µ¥¤H«Ø³yªº¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O»O°ª¤T¤V¤¤Ø¤»¤o¦h¡A¬Û·í©ó¤T¡B¥|¼h¼Ó¨º»ò°ª¡A¤À¬°¤T¼h¡G³Ì¤W¤@¼h¦³¤@Ó¤p¤ì«Î¡A«Î¤¤¦w¸Ë¦³´ý»ö©M¦cªí¡C·í¥Î´ý»öÆ[´ú®É¡A¤p«Î«Î³»´N¥i¥H¦Û°Ê¥´¶}¡AÅS¥X´ý»ö¡C³oºØ¸Ë¸m¥i¥H»¡¬O²{¥N¤Ñ¤å»O¬¡°Ê«Î³»ªº»ó¯ª¡C²Ä¤G¼h¬O´ý¶H¡A´ý¶Hªº¶ê²y¤Wű¦³283Ó¬P©x¡A¦@p1464ÁûùÚ¬P¡A¥Î28±ø¸g½u±N28±J¹j¶}¡C´ý¶H¶ê²y¸Ë¦b¦aÂd¤¤¡A¤@¥bÅS¦bÂd¥~¡A¥NªíµÛ¦a¥½u¤Wªº¥bӤѪšC³Ì¤U¼h´N¬O½ÆÂøªº³ø®É¨t²Î¡A¥¦¦³¤¼h¤p¤ì»Õ¡A¨CÓ¤p¤ì»Õ¤¤³£¦³¤£¦P¼Æ¥Øªº¤p¤ì¤H¡C²Ä¤@¡B¤G¡B¤T¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤Ht³d³ø§i¤@¤Ñ¤ºªº®É¨°©M®É¨è¡A¥|¡B¤¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤Ht³d³ø§i©]¸Ìªº®É¨°©M§óÂI¡C
¾ãÓ¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O¥Hº|³ý¤¤ªº¤ô¬°ÅX°Ê¤O¡A³q¹L¤@®M¶Ç°Ê¸Ë¸m©M¤@Ó¾÷½üÁpµ²¦b¤@°_¡A»P¤Ñ²y¦P¨B¹BÂà¡A¹G¯u¦Û°Ê¦aºt¥Ü¤F¤Ñ¶HªºÅܤơC
¥xÆW°ê¥ß¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç³Õª«À]©Ò®i¥Ü¤§¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¬O¨Ì¾ÚĬ¹|©Ò¼¶¡u·s»ö¶Hªkn¡vªº¤åÄm¤º®e¬ã¨s´_ì¦Ó¦¨¡A¬°¥@¬É²Ä¤@®y¥\¯à§¹³Æ¤§ì¤Ø¤o¤ì¼Ë¼Ò«¬¡Cì¥ó¨Ì¥_§º®É´ÁĬ¹|©MÁú¤½·Gµ¥¤H©Ò³]p»s§@ªº¡C
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http://web2.nmns.edu.tw/Web-Title/china/StructGame.htm
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1715¦~«e¡A»·¦b^°êªº¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹John Harrison ¡A¦bÄÁÂ\¬ã¨s¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤]´¿³y¤F¨âÓ¤ì»s¾÷ªä¾¦½ü®y¦a®ÉÄÁ¡C¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹¬O¦Û¾Ç¤Ñ¤~¡A¥L¬ã¨sÄÁ¿ö§Þ³N®É¡A¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´Àª÷ÄÝ»s³y¤F·Ç½Tªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦b1722¦~¡A¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹»P¥Lªº¥S§Ì¸â©i´µ¦bBrocklesby¤½¶é׫ؤF¤@Ӥ쾦½ü¾÷ªäªº¶ðÄÁ¡A³oÓ®ÉÄÁ¤µ¤Ñ¤´µM¹B¦æ¡C
¸g½n«×ªº¬G¨Æ~~~¯è®ü¤Ñ¤åÄÁªºµo©ú
½Ð«ö¹Ï¤ù¬Ý¸Ôz
¦b1728¦~¡A¥L׳y¤F¼ÆӤ쾦½üªººë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock¡A¥L±Ä¥Î·U³Ð¾ðªº¯Sµw¤ì§÷§@¾àÁa½üªº§÷®Æ¡A¥ÎÅK±ù¤ì³y¦¨¤p¾¦½ü¡C
The John Harrison clock at Nostell Priory
¦b¥L¬ã¨sµo©ú·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥L§Q¥Î¤ì»sªººë½T®ÉÄÁ¡A¨Ó¦Lµý·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªºÂ\«ß¡C
experiments to design gridiron pendulum
¦b³o¨Ç´ú¸Õ¦¨¥\¤§«á¡A¥L¤~¯àÄ~Äò׳y¥Lªº¥|Ó¯è®üÄÁmarine clock¡CH1¥]§t¤F¤ì¾¦½ü¡A¦}¥B¦¨¥\»·¯è¨Ó¦^^ۨ쨽´µ¥»¡C
Marine timekeeper (H1), front
Marine timekeeper (H1), side
winding wheels
Marine timekeeper (H1), side and back
front view
side view
H2©MH3¬O§ï¥Î¶À»É§@³yÄÁ§÷®Æ¡A¦ý¥¼´¿³y¹L»·¯è´ú¸Õ¡C
Marine timekeeper (H2), front
Marine timekeeper (H2), side
Marine timekeeper (H2), front and side
Marine timekeeper (H3), front
Marine timekeeper (H3), back and side
Marine timekeeper (H3) with case
¥Lªº¤ì¾¦½üºë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock·Ç½T«×¹F¦Ü¨CÓ¤ë1¬í»~®t¡AµM«á½Õ¾ã¥Lªº¯è®üÄÁ¨Ó¹ï·Ç¡A¤~¹ê¦b°µ®ü¬v¸ÕÅç¡CH4¬O·¥ºÝ«n©M¥i¶Qªºµo©ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦ªº¦¨´N¡A±À°Ê¤Fªk°ê©M^°ê¯è®üÄÁªºµo®i¡C
Marine timekeeper (H4), obverse
Marine timekeeper (H4), open upper plate
1785¦~¡AJohn Arnold©MThomas Earnshaw¶}µo¤F²{¥N¯è®üÄÁªº¥¿Å¥~´ß³]p¡C
This is a typical example of Earnshaw's marine chronometers
Earnshaw's Chronometer Escapement
Chronometer Escapement
Train of Marine Chronometer
¡m«ÝÄò¡n
# 2
America Wood Clocks Industry¬ü°ê¤ì®ÉÄÁ¤u·~
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ÄÁ¬O·í¥Nªº°ª§Þ³N²£«~¡A^°ê¤H¤Þ¥H¦Û»¨ªº¥Í²£µo©ú¡A¦]¬°¥«³õ»Ý¨D«Ü¤j¡A¬G¦¹·í¦aÄÁ¦K¾Ç·|¤F§Q¥Î¤ì§÷§÷®Æ¶}®i°µÄÁ¤u·~¡F¦b»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥u¦³´XÓ¹s¥ó¥Ñ¿û©Î¶À»É»s¦¨¡A¨Ò¦p¾àÁa½ü©M¾àÁa¤e¡C¹B¥Î·sªº»s³y¤èªk¡A±N¦UÃþ®ÉÄÁ¾¦½ü¼W¥[¹s¥óªº¤¬´«©Ê¡A®ÉÄÁµo®i¦¨¿W¯Sªº¬ü°ê¦¡¼Ë¡C
wooden movement
1837¦~¡AChauncey Jerome¬ãµo¤F¶À»Éª÷Äݤu·~§Þ³N»s³yÄÁ¿ö¡A¨ä«á§O¤H¥é®Ä¡A¤ì®ÉÄÁ®É¥Nµ²§ô¡C
¼w°ê唂©BÄÁcuckoo clock
1600¦~´Á¶¡¼w°ê¶Â´ËªL¦a°Ïªº¤H¥Á¡A¹A¯Ñ¤u§@ªº®É¶¡¬O«D±`¦³¡C¦bº©ªøªº¥V¤Ñ¡A³h¹A¬°¤Fºû«ù¥Íp¡A³£·|¤Æ¨¦¨¬°¤u¦K¡Aµo®i¤@¨Ç¤â¤u·~»s§@¡A¥L̤§¤¤¦³¨Ç¬Oµe®v¡B³]p®a¡A¼Æ¾Çºtºâ®a©MÀJ¨è®a¡AÁa¦X¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Îªº§Þ¯à¡A¶}µo¤F¤@®M¾÷±ñµ²ºc®ÉÄÁ¾÷ªäªº·½«¬¡C¥Dn¥H¤ì§÷§@ì®Æ¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¤u¦K³q¹L¥L̼ô½mªº¤â¤u¦b¶Â´ËªL¦a°Ï¸Ì¡Aµ²¦X¤F¥L̪º§Þ¯à¡A¶}©l׳y¤ì¾÷ªä®ÉÄÁ¡C
¦b»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤£Â_§ï¶i®ÉÄÁªº½è¶q¡AÁٳХߤF·í¦a¿W¦³ªº¤@®M®ÉÄÁ¯S¼x¡A·í¤¤¤]¥]¬A¥~«¬ªº³W®æ¡A³Ì²×ºt¤Æ¦¨²{¦bªº唂©BÄÁ¡C¥t¥~¡A¥Ñ©óºt¶i¹Lµ{nÁa¦X¤£¦Pªº¬ì¾Ç¤Î§Þ³N¡A¤]«P¶i¤F·í¦aÄÁ¿ö±M¬ì¾Ç®Õªº²Õ¦¨¡F¼w°êÄÁ¿ö¤Î¬ì¬ãµo®iªº¦¨´N¡A¨ä¹ê³£¬O¦b³o®É«Ø¥ß°ò¦¡C
¶Â´ËªL¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªºµo®i¡A¬°°Ï°ì±a¥X«Ü¦h±Òµo¡A¼w°êµÛ¦WªºStrasburg¤j±Ð°ó®ÉÄÁ¡A¶¯Âû¦b¨CÓ¤p®É¥´»ï«Å§G¤p®É®É¶¡¡A³£¬O¥é·Ó¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº¥´»ï¤è¦¡¡C
¤j¬ù1750¦~¡A«Ø³y¤FµÛ¦Wªº"Schottenuhr" clock~(special Black Forest painted wooden shield clock¶Â´ËªL¤âøªº¤ì¬Þ«¬ÄÁ±®ÉÄÁ)¡A¨Ã¶}©l¥X²{¦b®ÉÄÁªí½Lªº¤W±¦³¤@Ó¤pªù¡A§ùÃY³¾·|±q¤pªù¥X¨Ó³ø®É¡A³o¨Ç®ÉÄÁ³]p«D±`½ÆÂø¤S·¥¤§µ}¦³¡C
Early cuckoo clock, Black Forest, 1760-1780
«Ü§Ö¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº·sªº«~ºØ¤S¥X²{¡A¥~´ß¥HÅK¸ô©Ð¤lªº§Î¦¡°t¤W²`´Ä¦â¾ó¤ìÄÁ±¡C¨º®É¥Í²£ªº¤ì¬[®ÉÄÁ¡A³£¬O¥Î«Áè±a°Ê¾÷ªä¾¦½ü¡A¬°®ÉÄÁ´£¨Ñ°Ê¤Oªº¡C¨üªk°ê¤uÃÀ¤å¤Æ¼vÅT¡A¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº¥~«¬ÀJ¶ì±o«D±`²Ó½o¡A«Ü¦³ÃÀ³N©Ê¡C
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©B©BÄÁ¤£¦P©ó¤@¯ë¾÷±ñÄÁ¡A°£¤F¥Î©B©B³¾¥sÁn³ø®É¥~¡A¤]§Q¥Î¤F¶Ç²ÎªºÀJ¨è§Þªk¡A¥Î¤ìÀJ¸Ë¹¢¦UºØ©B©BÄÁ¡AÀJ¨è¥]¬A¸¤l¡BÂy¤H³]p©ÎªÌ¤@Ó·L«¬©Ð¤l¡F§ó¯S§Oªº¬O¥Î¾÷±ñì²z¡A³]p¤F¤£¦Pªº·|°Ê¤ì°¸¡A¦p¬å§÷¡B³Ü°à°s¡B¤ô¨®ªºÂà°Ê ¡B¸õ»Rµ¥¡Dºë¥©¦³½ìªº°Ê°¸¡A°t¤Wµ¼Ö»P³¾»ï,±N¶Â´ËªLªº¥Í¬¡ªí²{¦b®ÉÄÁ¤W¡C¶Â´ËªL©B©BÄÁÅܦ¨¤F¥@¬Éª¾¦Wªº¦a°Ï¤å¤Æ¡A¤S¬O¬ì§Þ»PÃÀ³N´|¦Xªºµ²´¹¡A¤ñ¤@¥÷¬üÄRªº¬ö©À«~§ó¦h¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Î©MÆ[½à»ùÈ¡C
world¡¦s largest cuckoo clock
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wooden movement
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¼w°ê唂©BÄÁcuckoo clock
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Early cuckoo clock, Black Forest, 1760-1780
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world¡¦s largest cuckoo clock
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# 3
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